Opinion

2025 Budget Defence: JAMB Presentation and Policy Compliance

Published

2 weeks ago

February 2, 2025

National Update

Yisa Usman

By Yisa Usman MSc, FCA, FCTI

The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) recently unveiled its 2025 budget proposal amid public scrutiny and growing concerns over transparency and compliance with fiscal policies.
A detailed examination reveals major issues, including breaches of government regulations, misclassification of JAMB’s operational framework, and questionable fund allocation. Lawmakers, including Senator Adams Oshiomhole and Hon. Abiodun Faleke, have raised strong objections to its spending patterns, dual funding structure, and heavy dependence on exorbitant fees levied on financially burdened Nigerian families.
Compounding these concerns is a fundamental misrepresentation of JAMB’s status.
In the weekly JAMB Bulletin of January 20, 2025 (Vol. 4, No. 16), JAMB’s Public Relations Officer, erroneously described JAMB as a Government-Owned Enterprise (GOE). In the wake of the nationwide uproar that trailed the budget presentation, it is important first to correct the misleading characterization as JAMB’s role is that of a public institution, not a profit-driven enterprise.
Its primary mandate is to conduct matriculation examinations and facilitate equitable access to higher education in Nigeria.
JAMB operates as a service-oriented institution governed by Public Service Rules, Parliamentary Acts, and Extant Circulars. Its partial funding by the government further distinguishes it from a GOE, which typically relies solely on revenue from operations.
The misclassification of JAMB as a GOE risks distorting public understanding of its status and could justify operational practices inconsistent with its core mission.
The 2025 budget proposal presented to the National Assembly Joint Committee on Finance includes ₦1 billion for staff housing scheme and ₦1.1 billion for staff meals and refreshments.
These provisions violate the federal government’s monetization of fringe benefits policy (the Monetisation Policy) introduced in 2003 during the Obasanjo Administration.
The policy aimed to reduce the cost of running government, eliminate sources of wastes and leakages, improve attitude towards work, enhance the performance of the civil servants, and create a robust, efficient and effective civil service with improved service delivery.
The policy prohibits certain welfare expenditures in public institutions to reduce the cost of governance. Sadly, the prohibition is what JAMB under Prof. Ishaq Oloyede is trying to reverse unilaterally in clear violation of Section 13 of the Code of Conduct Act which prohibits public officers from undertaking actions that run contrary to any policy of the government.
JAMB’s justification for the listed expenses is not tenable. While citing rising food costs and the need to protect ICT infrastructure as reasons for the planned ₦1.1 billion for staff meals, for instance, it is notable that other public institutions with similar ICT infrastructure do not allocate funds for staff meals.
The argument on the increase in the cost of the meal from ₦1,200 to ₦2,200 per staff member, per day, is irrelevant, as the expenditure itself is illicit under the existing fiscal policy of the federal government.
A more sustainable and fiscally responsible approach to employee welfare lies in Section 4 of the Pension Reform Act 2014, which allows employers to make additional pension contributions for their staff.
By leveraging this provision, JAMB can enhance financial security in retirement through increased pension entitlements. Instead of allocating funds for staff feeding, redirecting these resources toward pension contributions would provide a more substantial, long-term benefit.
This strategy promotes prudent financial management while aligning with best practices in employee welfare and retirement planning.
Another notable concern is the excessive allocation of ₦850 million for security, cleaning services, and fumigation.
Realistic estimates suggest that these services should cost approximately ₦301.92 million annually, leaving an unjustifiable surplus of ₦548.08 million. Furthermore, JAMB’s claim of directly paying salaries to security personnel contradicts existing arrangements, as the agency outsourced its office security nationwide to the Nigerian Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC) in 2016.
Since NSCDC personnel are already on the government payroll, any additional salary payments raise serious concerns about budget inflation and financial transparency. This discrepancy underscores the need for a thorough review of JAMB’s expenditures to ensure accountability and cost efficiency.
The proposed allocation of ₦6.4 billion for “Local Travel and Transport (Training)” appears to be inflated. Notably, historical Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) expenditures, activities that fall outside JAMB’s statutory mandate, are embedded within this allocation, amounting to budgetary manipulation.
According to JAMB Registrar Prof. Ishaq Oloyede, a sum of ₦750 million is earmarked within this expenditure for the annual admission performance award, a CSR initiative of questionable relevance to JAMB’s core functions. It is worth noting that in the 2024 edition of this award, the University of Ilorin alone, an institution closely affiliated with the JAMB Registrar, received ₦500 million, raising concerns about the Registrar’s impartiality. Since the inception of the initiative, the University of Ilorin has remained the topmost beneficiary, further underscoring the need for scrutiny and transparency in JAMB’s financial allocations.
The inclusion of the ₦750 million further reflects misalignment with statutory responsibilities. Such funds should instead be redirected toward operational needs within the agency’s core mandate for fiscal efficiency. In the alternative, it should be applied to further subsidise the chargeable rates on candidates.
Public funds should be used strictly for JAMB’s statutory obligations, not for initiatives outside its mandate.
The unwarranted escalation of expenditure in JAMB’s budget is also largely driven by the excessive deployment of personnel for its examinations.
While ensuring the integrity of the process is important, the planned deployment of 10,500 personnel is excessive, especially considering JAMB’s substantial investment in technology to enhance operational efficiency. This overreach contradicts the agency’s widely publicized technological advancements and cost-saving measures.
JAMB must streamline its operations by reducing its reliance on excessive personnel. Investments in technology should be optimized to cut costs and improve efficiency.
Furthermore, inflated payments to ad-hoc personnel significantly contribute to rising operational costs, raising concerns about the Board’s financial prudence.
A thorough review of previous years’ payments is essential to determine whether the higher allowances granted to ad-hoc personnel are justified, particularly when compared to the compensation received by JAMB’s regular staff. Alarmingly, these payments exceed the federal government’s standardized rates for official assignments, with ad-hoc personnel receiving two to three times more than permanent staff. This disparity underscores serious concerns about transparency, budget discipline, and the overall efficiency of JAMB’s financial management.
To address these concerns, JAMB must prioritize transparency and fiscal accountability, ensuring its operations align with its statutory responsibilities and adhere to government regulations.
Public communication should accurately represent JAMB as a public institution rather than a Government-Owned Enterprise (GOE) to prevent the justification of inappropriate operational practices.
Additionally, JAMB should disclose its actual 2024 expenditures alongside the 2025 budget proposal to facilitate proper scrutiny. Illegal provisions, such as the ₦1.1 billion allocation for staff meals, must be eliminated, while inflated allocations for security, cleaning, and travel should be adjusted to reflect realistic requirements. Notably, the ₦850 million budgeted for security, cleaning, and fumigation is overstated by ₦548 million, raising serious concerns about financial prudence.
A thorough review of these expenditures is imperative to restore credibility and ensure responsible resource management.
Another critical concern is JAMB’s dual funding structure, which deviates from its statutory mandate.
Section 10 of the JAMB Act stipulates that government allocations should fund the agency’s operations, with revenue from other sources serving only as supplementary support.
However, JAMB has increasingly prioritized revenue collection, effectively operating as a revenue-generating body rather than a regulatory institution.
This shift imposes an undue financial burden on students and their families, contradicting the intended purpose of its funding framework and raising serious questions about the agency’s financial management and accountability.
Senator Oshiomhole described JAMB expenditures as exploitative, arguing that funds collected from poor students were being used to pamper staff and cover unnecessary costs.
The lawmaker also highlighted a lack of transparency in JAMB’s revenue disclosure, particularly the classification of over ₦1 billion as miscellaneous income. This lack of transparency runs contrary to Section 19 of the Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 which requires that the estimates of revenue and expenditure is accompanied by a copy of the underlying revenue and expenditure profile for the next two years; and a report setting out actual and budgeted revenue and expenditure with detailed analysis of the performance of’ the budget for the 18 months up to June of the preceding financial year.
JAMB’s disclosure of its ₦4 billion remittance to the Consolidated Revenue Fund was met with criticism from Senator Oshiomhole, who argued that such remittances should not be commended, as they are extracted from struggling Nigerians. This underscores the urgent need for JAMB to reassess its fee structure to alleviate the financial burden on candidates.
With an estimated two million applicants, the remittance suggests an excess charge of ₦2,000 per candidate, highlighting the potential for a reduction in the basic application fee from ₦3,500 to ₦1,000. Additionally, Hon. Faleke questioned the rationale behind JAMB receiving ₦6 billion in government grants despite its substantial remittance, further emphasizing the need for financial transparency and policy review.
By addressing these concerns, JAMB can uphold its commitment to fiscal responsibility and refocus its resources on its primary mandate of ensuring equitable access to higher education.
This approach would not only align with fiscal discipline but also provide more meaningful welfare benefits to its employees in the long term. It will also foster the Renewed Hope Agenda of President Bola Tinubu which emphasised economic empowerment as a core objective for both women and youths across the six geopolitical zones.
JAMB must also provide a comprehensive disclosure of all its revenue sources and applicable rates to ensure financial transparency.
This includes previously ambiguous categories, such as miscellaneous income, which is projected to generate over ₦1 billion in 2025. Given that chargeable rates range from ₦1,000 to ₦15,000 across various registrations and services, the lack of clarity in revenue reporting raises concerns about accountability.
A full breakdown of these revenue streams is essential to eliminate opacity, prevent financial mismanagement, and restore public trust in the agency’s financial operations.
The Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) serves as a major revenue source, with a registration fee of ₦7,200. Similarly, candidates applying for Direct Entry admission are required to pay ₦5,700.
For cases requiring condonement, different rates apply based on whether the applicant possesses a JAMB number.
Condonement without a JAMB number costs ₦9,200, while those with a JAMB number are charged ₦5,000.
Inter-university transfers also incur fees depending on the origin of the institution. Transfers from foreign universities attract a fee of ₦5,000, the same amount charged for transfers from Nigerian universities.
Additionally, the normalization or change of admission letter for inter-university transfers costs ₦5,000, while the same process within the same university is charged at ₦2,500.
Applicants who need to correct errors in their records must also pay specific fees. Correction of names, gender, and state of origin or local government area (LGA) each costs ₦2,500.
However, correcting the date of birth is significantly higher at ₦15,000. Retrieval of a lost registration number is charged at ₦1,000.
Applicants enrolling in alternative study programs such as Open University, Part-Time, Distance Learning, and Sandwich programs registers with ₦4,200 each. Consultancy services for third-party examinations are available at variable rates, depending on the specific services required.
A detailed breakdown of the collections from the above sources in the past years shows that JAMB generates significant funds from fees beyond UTME and Direct Entry registrations which are the two main sources known to Nigerians. The lack of full disclosure further underscores concerns about transparency and accountability.

In conclusion, the calls for tenders published in the JAMB Bulletin of January 20, 2025 (Vol. 4, No. 16) and January 27, 2025 (Vol. 4, No. 17) for the supply of souvenirs once again raise concerns about compliance with government policies.
The Federal Government, under President Muhammadu Buhari, banned the procurement and distribution of souvenirs by Federal Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) in 2016 to promote fiscal prudence and prioritize essential services and infrastructure development.
The ban was part of a broader cost-cutting initiative to eliminate wasteful expenditures and ensure that limited financial resources were allocated to sectors that directly impact citizens’ well-being, such as health and education.
MDAs were encouraged to minimize expenses on non-essential items and focus on more impactful expenditures. This is also regularly amplified in the annual budget call circular.
Given this context, JAMB’s inclusion of souvenirs in its 2025 procurement plan appears to contradict the established government policy aimed at curbing unnecessary spending within MDAs. It is imperative for all government agencies to adhere to these directives to maintain fiscal discipline and uphold the principles of efficient resource utilization.
In light of the government’s ongoing efforts to manage public funds judiciously, it would be prudent for JAMB to review its procurement plans concerning souvenirs for efficient funds management.
JAMB’s 2025 budget proposal highlights significant deviations from fiscal policy and statutory responsibilities, imposing an undue financial burden on Nigerians. Importantly, it exposes systemic governance issues that demand urgent attention.
The agency’s presentation raises serious concerns about efficiency and adherence to statutory mandate.
The striking similarities in the budget presentation and budget padding, a scheme that inflates financial proposals beyond actual needs, further underscore the need for reform.
Such financial manipulation distorts transparency, facilitates corruption, and diverts scarce resources from critical socio-economic development initiatives. The consequences are severe. It fuels poverty, inequality, unemployment, and decline in living standards.
It would be recalled that in August 2023, JAMB again came under scrutiny for secretly recruiting about 500 staff without public advertisement, denying qualified Nigerian job seekers equal opportunities.
Sadly, the Registrar Prof. Ishaq Oloyede openly disclosed on national television, during interrogation by the Committee on Federal Character on the secret recruitments, that he solicited applicants from State Governors, a statement that was promptly condemned by the committee for its insensitivity to the plight of those without God-father. Such violation raises concerns about transparency, favouritism, and systemic abuse.
To restore credibility, JAMB must uphold governance standards and ensure due process in all its practices.
It is also imperative that the agency align its practices with the current administration’s Renewed Hope Agenda which aimed among other targets, to ease the sufferings of Nigerians and bring succor to the teeming population.
The Executive and Legislative arms must take decisive action to ensure that JAMB remains committed to its core mandate of facilitating admissions into tertiary institutions, rather than functioning as a revenue-generating entity.
The primary focus should be on conducting examinations at the most affordable rates for candidates, many of whom are teenagers, rather than prioritizing financial returns which the Registrar, Prof. Ishaq Oloyede has increasingly emphasized since his assumption of office in August 2016.
It is deeply concerning that the agency is even now proposing initiatives such as a housing scheme for staff, free meals, and the procurement of souvenirs, all of which blatantly violate existing government policies. Such deviations must be swiftly reversed to realign JAMB with its rightful mission of serving aspiring Nigerian students, rather than pursuing expenditures that have no direct bearing on its core function.
Finally, to effectively address the concerns surrounding JAMB’s financial management, it is crucial for the presidency to commission an independent forensic audit of its operations under the current leadership.
Such an audit, devoid of partisanship, will serve as a vital tool in identifying and rectifying any irregularities, while simultaneously restoring public trust in the institution. It will also reinforce the principles of accountability and fiscal discipline. Moreover, ensuring that JAMB’s financial and administrative practices align with Mr. President’s broader reform agenda is critical to promoting fairness, inclusivity, and accessibility within the education sector, as well as advancing the ideals of responsible governance.

Yisa Usman is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria and the Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria. He is also a doctoral candidate in Accounting, specializing in Corporate Governance. ©Feb25.

Opinion

Dr. Emmanuel N. Musa: Philanthropist Transforming Lives in Adamawa

Published

34 minutes ago

February 19, 2025

National Update

Emmanuel N. Musa

By Wilberforce Edward

As Nigeria continues to grapple with various socio-economic challenges, the selfless contributions of individuals like Dr. Emmanuel N Musa serve as a beacon of hope. A renowned philanthropist, Dr. Musa has been making waves with his tireless efforts to empower communities, particularly in Adamawa State.

Dr. Musa’s philanthropic journey is a testament to his commitment to giving back to society. Through his foundation, Emnamu Foundation, he has been providing scholarships, job opportunities, and infrastructure development to communities in need. His impact is felt not only in Hong Local Government Area but also across Adamawa State, the North East region, and beyond.

One of Dr. Musa’s most notable achievements is his unwavering support for education. He has awarded numerous scholarships to deserving students, enabling them to pursue their academic dreams. Additionally, he has provided job opportunities for youth and the aged, helping to reduce unemployment and poverty in the region.

Dr. Musa’s philanthropy extends beyond education and economic empowerment. He has also been instrumental in promoting peace and stability in communities affected by insurgency. His foundation has worked tirelessly to provide relief materials, shelter, and medical care to displaced persons.

Despite his remarkable achievements, Dr. Musa remains humble and dedicated to his philanthropic work. His commitment to giving back to society is genuine and not driven by political ambitions. As he continues to make a positive impact on the lives of many, Dr. Musa’s legacy as a renowned philanthropist is cemented.

As the 2027 governorship election in Adamawa State approaches, there are whispers that Dr. Musa may be considering a run for office. While this remains speculative, one thing is certain – Dr. Musa’s dedication to public service and philanthropy has earned him a reputation as a leader who truly cares about the welfare of his people.

As we celebrate Dr. Emmanuel N Musa’s remarkable philanthropic efforts, we are reminded that there are still good people in the world who are committed to making a positive difference. His selfless contributions serve as an inspiration to us all, and we can only hope that his legacy will continue to inspire future generations.

Wilberforce Edward is a public affairs commentator. He writes from Abuja-FCT.

Opinion

All roads lead to Wukari as David Sabo Kente walks Tall @ 60

Published

4 hours ago

February 19, 2025

National Update

David Sabo Kente

By Ben Adaji

On the 3rd of March 2025, Chief (Dr.) David Sabo Kente will be celebrating his 60th Birthday, otherwise referred to as Diamond Jubilee in Wukari, his country home and native Local Government in Taraba State.

Turning 60 is indeed a significant milestone, a time to celebrate the wisdom, experience, and achievements of a lifetime. It’s a momentous occasion that deserves a big celebration to be marked with heartfelt words and warm wishes.

Whether from family members, friends, colleagues as well as political and business associates, or from captains of industry, Chief Kente is worth the time.

Chief (Dr.) David Sabo Kente, popularly known as DSK, ( born 3rd March 1965) is a Nigerian businessman, politician and philanthropist who is the founder and CEO of “DSK Group International Ltd” and an NGO “DSK Foundation”.

No doubt Kente, an accomplished businessman and renowned politician will be celebrated for his integrity, brilliance, expertise, charisma and outstanding commitment to philanthropic gesture and kindness to humanity.

Indeed, Chief (Dr.) David Sabo Kente is a rare gem. An averagely tall, light, always sounding ebullient, happy and captivating businessman, he is also an APC Chieftain that is endowed with exceptional leadership traits and resilient for positive transformation.

It is indeed a statement of fact that Kente is an unrepentant apostle of revolutionary change in the nation’s political circle.

As a respected leader, Kente has made significant impact through his DSK Foundation, which has provided scholarships to hundreds of students, donations to orphanages, and supported the less privileged in society.

His philanthropic work has earned him several awards, including the “Ambassador of Peace and Societal Development” and “Icon of Humanitarian Services” by the Taraba State Students Union

Recently, he was conferred with honourary doctorate degree by the Kwararafa University Wukari during the university’s second and combined convocation ceremony at the main campus in Wukari, Taraba state. It was a momentous occasion that celebrated the achievements of Kente and his immense contributions to the society.

He was the candidate of SDP in the 2015 Taraba State Gubernatorial election before he joined the All Progressives Congress in 2016. DSK aspired for the number one seat of Taraba State under APC in 2023. He once served as the National Assembly’s Director of Finance and a former member of the North-east Development Commission (NEDC) where he was the chairman Board of Trustees of the its Education Endowment Fund.

Chief (Dr.) David Sabo Kente, a philanthropist and politician pa excellence and his amiable Wife, Esther are expected to host over five thousand well-wishers, made up of family members, friends, colleagues, business and political associates from all over the country and beyond at Wukari.

The five routes of Ibi, Takum, Zaki-Biam, Kente and Jalingo, leading to Wukari town would be receiving unprecedented visitors from 1st, 2nd and 3rd March for the three days event.

Hon. Shuaibu Ataka, Chairman of the Central planning committee said all arrangements have been completed for the three days event.

On his attainment of Diamond age, the legendary businessman and political Icon can only count his blessings and give praise and glory to God, the Exalted, for His kindness. He has shown him mercy for equipping him with the intellect to fulfill his dreams and for endowing him with the strength and desire to serve humanity, the best he can.

Chief (Dr.) David Sabo Kente is happily married to Esther and the union is blessed with Six Children.

HAPPY BIRTHDAY CHIEF

Opinion

Edo guber dispute: APC breaks defence jinx, calls witnesses, PDP presses cancelled, ‘single vote’ over-voting

Published

2 days ago

February 17, 2025

National Update

PDP and APC logos

By Ehichioya Ezomon

The main proceedings of the Election Petitions Tribunal (EPT) – hearing the challenge to the election of Senator Monday Okpebholo as Governor of Edo State on September 21, 2024 – came to an end on Thursday, February 13, 2025, when the All Progressives Congress (APC), as the 3rd Respondent, closed its defence after calling four of pledged 28 witnesses in its two-day outing at the tribunal in Abuja, Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
However, the APC closure of its defence – coming in similar abrupt manner by the Petitioners (Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and its candidate, Dr Asue Ighodalo) on February 3; the 1st Respondent (Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)) on February 6; and the 2nd Respondent (Okpebholo) on February 10 – sparked instant recrimination between the Edo State chapters of the APC and PDP over alleged “witness sabotage” engineered within and/or outside the APC fold.
While such fiercely-partisan bickerings are a routine between the ruling and main opposition parties in Edo State; several issues croped up on February 12, and February 13 when the APC opened and closed its defence at the tribunal.
One, the APC broke the near “no-show” jinx in the Respondents’ camp by calling four witnesses to testify for it. Two, the witnesses were Local Government Agents or Local Government Collation Agents for the APC. • Three, the witnesses admitted there’re over-voting in some polling units, many of which, they noted, were cancelled by INEC’s officials on poll day.
Four, yet, PDP/Ighodalo have queried the same cancelled over-voting results in their petition
Five, most of the PDP/Ighodalo contested polling units recorded a single over-vote. How? • Six, by calling witnesses to testify for it, the APC may’ve brought both a sigh of relief and a cold comfort to the party members and supporters in Edo State, and the country at large.
Certainly, the APC’s defence brought a “sigh of relief” in that, for its members and supporters – many of them (like in the general public) ignorant of the intricacies of prosecuting election petitions – it’d been long nights in 16 days, since the hearing proper began on January 21 at the tribunal.
The party members and supporters have had to endure emotional torture, as they watched “edited clips” or read on social media how counsel and witnesses for PDP/Ighodalo took the INEC, Okpebholo and APC through the legal grinding mill at the proceedings, first in Benin City, Edo State capital city, and then in Abuja.
The APC’s also given members and supporters “cold comfort” because, besides having no illusions about the PDP/Ighodalo petition against the election of Okpebholo as Governor, they’re not as optimistic about the tribunal outcome as the Acting Chairman of the Edo APC, Emperor Jarrett Tenebe.
Reacting to the Plaintiffs closing their petition on February 3, after calling 19 of the hundreds of witnesses earmarked to testify for them, Tenebe told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) that PDP/Ighodalo “abandoned their case abruptly because they have no case ab initio,” boasting that when the Respondents opened their case, “the whole country and the people of Edo in particular would know that the APC won the election.”
Tenebe appeared hasty to criticise PDP/Ighodalo, as the INEC, through Kanu Agabi (SAN), on January 6, closed its defence without calling any witness, thus giving PDP an opening to offer “expert opinion” to the 1st Respondent, noting, “This abrupt end to INEC’s defence leaves the electoral body relying solely on cross-examinations and arguments from APC and Okpebholo’s lawyers.”
This was as Adetunji Oyeyipo (SAN), for the Plaintiffs, told the tribunal, after Agabi’s request, that, “Frankly speaking, we are not surprised and it is well within the right of the 1st Respondent (INEC) to show such good discretion. We are not objecting.”
At the resumed proceeding on February 6, Agabi told the tribunal that his team had shelved the idea of bringing witnesses after it reviewed the case, adding, “My Lords, after we left you yesterday (Wednesday), we gave more thought to the matter and came to the conclusion that the sensible thing to do is to close the case of the 1st Respondent, which we hereby do.”
The chairman of the three-man tribunal, Justice Wilfred Kpochi (with Justices A.B. Yusuf and A.A. Adewole) in the petition marked, EPT/ED/GOV/02/2024, then ruled: “The request (by INEC via Agabi) is granted and the first Respondent’s case is hereby closed,” and adjourned to February 10, for Okpebholo to open his defence, which he did by calling one witness, and closing his case.
Among a plethora of alleged electoral infractions, the three-man tribunal of Justices Wilfred Kpochi (Chairman), A.B. Yusuf and A.A. Adewole, in the petition marked, EPT/ED/GOV/02/2024, is looking mainly into irregularities of over-voting, non-serialisation of electoral materials, incorrect computation of the total number of votes cast in many polling units, which reportedly exceeded accredited voter-count recorded by the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) that the INEC deployed for the ballot.
The Plaintiffs’ witnesses (19 of them) and counsel had honed in on those alleged poll indiscretions, to prove that the 291,667 votes (about 51.1%) credited to Okpebholo (APC, Edo Central) as winner of the election, and 247,274 votes (about 43.3%) scored for Ighodalo, a Lagos-based Lawyer and business tycoon, were “manufactured” by the INEC, APC and Police to favour Okpebholo.
In their testimonies, the witnesses attempted to demonstrate alleged suppression, inflation and alteration of votes to the detriment of Ighodalo, pointing out votes that should’ve been counted or cancelled, and claiming that INEC’s rigging of the process amounts to a serious breach of the Electoral Act 2022 (as amended).
With the reported “brilliant performances” by PDP/Ighodalo’s witnesses and legal teams bolstering the Plaintiffs’ claims of massive fraud at the poll they said Ighodalo won, and should be declared as Governor of Edo State; the APC members and supporters were hopeful that the Respondents would match the Plaintiffs’ submissions.
But when it’s turn to open defence on Thursday, February 6, the INEC (Ist Respondent) closed the case without calling any of the five witnesses it’d insisted the previous day (February 5) would testify for it.
Blindsided by INEC’s counsel, Agabi’s closure of the case, counsel to Okpebholo (2nd Respondent), Onyechi Ikpeazu (SAN), prayed for adjournment to Monday, February 10, to enable him “move the five witnesses” to be called from Benin City to Abuja, with Justice Kpochi acceding and adjourning sitting to February 10.
But when the hearing resumed, Okpebholo called only one witness, Majek Osumah, an APC polling agent from Ward 7, Unit 4, Ovia Southwest Local Government, who testified that the election was conducted peacefully, but that the result was cancelled due to over-voting, and that in Form EC8B, the column for the result of his Unit 4 had no record.
Against the foregoing, the APC members’ and supporters’ worries and anxieties increased, as the 3rd Respondent opened its defence on Wednesday, February 12, which, to its (APC’) credit, broke the “defence jinx,” and called four witnesses.
They witnesses include: Afuda Theophilus Idemudia, 54, a businessman resident in Benin City, who monitored the poll in Esan North East Local Government Area; Kamarudeen Coker Bello, 54 years, a businessman, lives in Igarra, and served as a Local Government agent of the APC in Akoko-Edo LGA; Engr. Gabriel Iduseri, APC’s Collation Agent for Oredo LGA; and Hon. Frank David, APC’s Collation Agent for Owan West LGA, all of whose testimonies, reported by The Nation on February 12, are run below with some abridgements:
“Led in evidence by Echezona Etiaba (SAN), the first witness, Afuda Theophilus Idemudia, told the tribunal that the result of the poll from the Esan North East LGA was signed by the agent of the PDP.
“He confirmed that under Exhibit PCB-40, titled: Ballot Paper and Verification Statement, the Part A of the document was expected to be completed by an official of INEC before the opening of poll, while Part B was to be completed after the close of election.
“When handed a copy of the documents to confirm, the witness, said: ‘Yes, I can see serial numbers recorded on this document. They are: 0459785 and 0460292,’ maintaining that serial numbers of Ballot Papers issued to the respective polling units were filled.
“Under cross-examination by a lawyer to the petitioners, Abiodun Owonikoko (SAN), the witness confirmed that the number of accredited voters in Unit 11, Ward 6, was 96, and upon Owonikoko’s request, the witness calculated the votes to be 97, with APC getting 53 votes, PDP 43 votes, and one rejected vote.
“The second witness, Kamarudeen Coker Bello, who admitted his signed statement on November 9, 2024, and adopted it while being led by Etiaba, confirmed, nder cross-examination by Owonikoko, that the petitioners raised allegations of over-voting in 17 polling units in Akoko-Edo LGA.
“The third witness, Engr. Gabriel Iduseri, claimed that there was no complaint about the conduct of the election by agents of the parties that participated in the contest in Oredo LGA, even as he he admitted that the result from polling unit 8, Ward 10, was cancelled at the Ward Collation Centre due to over-voting; and that it’s the responsibility of electoral officers to confirm the correctness or otherwise of results submitted at the LGA level.
“Asked if he was aware there was a table of 53 and 66 polling units in Oredo LGA, where petitioners alleged that INEC recorded the results incorrectly, the witness said though he read the petition, he could not recall the number of the disputed polling units.
“The fourth witness, Hon. Frank David, said that INEC officials diligently collated all results from the polling units in Owan West LGA, and none of agents queried the final result, adding that he, the PDP and Labour Party (LP) agents signed the result sheets of the election.
“Cross-examined, David said he was aware that INEC officials ought to fill details of sensitive materials handed to them for the poll, but he could not confirm if the procedure was followed since he did not serve as an official of INEC during the election.
“Handed the IReV report of Form EC8A of Ward 4 Unit 19, the witness confirmed that although only 36 persons were accredited, votes recorded for the unit were: 28, 1 and 8, amounting to 37, indicating one over-vote.
“While he confirmed that the exhibit containing the votes from Ward 8, Unit 8, were: 54 and 25, totaling 79, with 1 marked as rejected vote, making it a total of 80 votes; the witness claimed the results from Unit 5 were cancelled owing to over-voting.”
Thereafter, lead counsel to the APC, Emmanuel Ukala (SAN), announced that his client was preparing a schedule of documents to tender when the proceedings resume, and the tribunal adjourned till February 13, when the APC closed its defence without calling any of the pledged 24 additional witnesses.
Explaining the decision to close the defence, counsel to APC expressed confidence in the unimpeachable legal defence mounted for the poll victory of Governor Okpebholo. So, Ferdinard Orbih (SAN) addressed the tribunal, as reported by award-winning journalist from Edo State, Mr Sebastine Ebhuomhan, as follows:
“Yesterday (Wednesday, February 13), we promised that we will exchange our schedule of documents today in order to make for a seamless presentation of our witness testimony. My Lord, I am sorry to say the documents we were expecting did not arrive.
“However, we have done a further comprehensive review of the evidence led by the petitioners, the evidence received from the petitioners under cross-examination, the evidence led so far by the respondents in this tribunal, the documentary evidence before this tribunal…
“My Lord, we have also considered that time is of (the) essence. The judicial time of this honourable tribunal is precious. My Lord, taking all the enumerated factors into serious consideration, we are happy at this stage to close the 3rd respondent’s case as it pleases Your Lordship.”
Responding to the application to close their case, Adetunji Oyeyipo (SAN) for the Plaintiffs, highlighted, with a jab, the surprising “abandonment” of the 3rd Respondent’s scheduled 28 witnesses after calling just four of the witnesses.
“My learned counsel has just addressed the court. I’m actually not quite sure about the state of those documents. I can only say ‘he who fights and runs away, lives to fight another day.’ So, we have no objection,” Oyeyipo said.
Even with no objection from the other Respondents (INEC and Okpebholo), Orbih replied Oyeyipo’s poking, thus: “My Lord, I’m still on the point of fact. When they (Plaintiffs) scheduled 99 witnesses and presented only 19, we didn’t accuse them of running away. They have no business with how we conduct our case. We remain here. We are not running away.”
Despite pleadings by the Respondents and Plaintiffs for more days to prepare their written addresses, Justice Kpochi stood his ground and closed the defence of the 3rd Respondent (APC), and acceded to seven days for the Respondents, five days for the Petitioners and extra three days to file their final written addresses, which counting began on Friday, February 14, and adjourned the tribunal to Monday, March 3, for the adoption of the written addresses.
Going forward, the battle of wits between PDP/Ighodalo (Petitioners) and APC/Okpebholo (Respondents) for the Governorship, and political soul of Edo State continues in the next 13 days till the March 3!

Mr Ezomon, Journalist and Media Consultant, writes from Lagos, Nigeria. Can be reached on X, Threads, Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp @EhichioyaEzomon. Tel: 08033078357