Energy
Energy: Where does Europe’s electricity come from?
By Azeez Mojeed Olusola
Europe has been shifting towards renewable energy sources for electricity generation over the past decade.
Wind and solar energy have been the main drivers of the shift towards renewables, accounting for 19% of the EU’s electricity generation in 2021.
But nuclear energy is the largest single source of electricity generation in the EU and across Europe, despite declining over the past couple of decades.
Mapped: Europe’s Biggest Sources of Electricity by Country
Energy and electricity supply have become vital for nearly every European nation over the past year, as the region shifts away from its dependence on Russian fuel imports.
While many countries have been making progress in their energy transition away from fossil fuels, nearly half of European countries are still dependent on them as their primary source of electricity generation.
This graphic maps out European countries by their top source of electricity generation using data from Electricity Maps and the IEA, along with a breakdown of the EU’s overall electricity generation by source in 2021.
Europe has been steadily transitioning towards renewable sources of energy for their electricity generation, making considerable progress over the last decade.
In 2011, fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal) made up 49% of the EU’s electricity production while renewable energy sources only made up 18%. A decade later, renewable energy sources are coming close to equaling fossil fuels, with renewables making up 32% of the EU’s electricity generation compared to fossil fuels’ 36% in 2021.
Statistic showing the sources of energy and their EU electricity generation share
Wind has the seen the largest increase in the EU electricity generation share from 2011-2021
The expansion of wind and solar generation have been the primary drivers in this shift towards renewables, going from only generating 8% of the EU’s electricity in 2011 all the way to 19% in 2021. While this might still seem small, the EU’s share of wind and solar electricity generation is tied for first alongside Oceania when compared to other regions around the world.
While hydropower doesn’t make up as big of a share as other sources, it’s the most common primary source of electricity generation in Europe, playing an important role in providing renewable energy.
Nuclear energy is the largest single source of electricity generation in the EU and across Europe despite its decline over the past couple of decades. Back in 2001, nuclear energy made up one-third (33%) of the EU’s electricity generation, and in the following 20 years fell down to 25%.
The Primary Electricity Sources of Europe’s Major Nations
When looking at individual nations, the majority of Europe’s largest countries have fossil fuels as their largest primary single source of electricity.
Germany remains heavily reliant on coal power, which from 2017 to 2021 generated 31% of the nation’s electricity. Despite the dependence on the carbon intensive fossil fuel, wind and solar energy generation together made up more of Germany’s electricity generation at 33% (23% for wind and 10% for solar).
France is Europe’s largest economy that primarily relies on nuclear power, with nuclear power making up more than half of the country’s electricity production.
Italy, the UK, and the Netherlands are all primarily natural gas powered when it comes to their electricity generation from 2017 to 2021. While Italy is the most reliant of the three at 42% of electricity generated by natural gas, the Netherlands (40%), and the UK (38%) aren’t too far off.
Spain is an outlier among major European nations and a success story in a transition towards renewable energy sources. While in the period from 2017-2021 the country was primarily dependent on natural gas (29%), in 2022 natural gas’ contribution to electricity generation fell to 14% as wind rose up to become the primary electricity generator with a 32% share.
Accelerating the EU’s Energy Transition
Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, energy independence in the EU has become of utmost importance, and countries have taken the opportunity to accelerate their transition towards renewable energy sources.
A new report from Ember highlights how the transition made considerable progress in 2022, with solar and wind power (22%) overtaking natural gas (20%) in electricity generation for the first time ever.
While 2022 did see an increase in fossil fuel electricity generation for the EU, Ember is expecting it to decline in 2023 by as much as 20%. If the EU can sustain this accelerated shift away from fossil fuels, this map of primary energy sources of electricity generation could feature many more renewable and low-carbon energy sources in the near future.
Energy
Stakeholders Call for Sustainable Financing in Nigeria’s Energy Transition
During a recent stakeholder engagement in Abuja, key players in the renewable energy sector emphasized the need for a sustainable financing model to achieve Nigeria’s Energy Transition Program (ETP).
The event, organized by the Yar’Adua Foundation, focused on “Maximizing Just Energy Transition Opportunities through an Inclusive Country Platform.” Participants highlighted that mobilizing private sector finance is crucial for the successful implementation of ETP initiatives.
Mr. Patrick Okigbo from Nextier Advisory Energy Transition Limited advocated for a robust funding model, suggesting that Nigeria could emulate the petroleum development funding model, wherein proceeds from oil could be redirected to support the ETP. He stressed that government funding alone would not suffice and that a comprehensive financial plan is essential to attract private investments.
Okigbo underscored the importance of energy security, framing it as critical to national security. He called for placing communities at the center of energy transition efforts, emphasizing the need for community-based strategies to mitigate any negative impacts of the transition. “To achieve energy transition in Nigeria, we must engage with the people and address their specific needs,” he stated.
He also urged the government to strengthen its commitment to the ETP, advocating for decisive action over mere dialogue. Addressing macroeconomic uncertainties, improving infrastructure for renewable energy, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders were also highlighted as key steps forward.
Mr. Olumide Onitekun from the African Policy Research Institute (APRI) reinforced the concept of a just energy transition, advocating for the defunding of fossil fuels while prioritizing social justice across economic, racial, and gender lines. He noted that achieving this vision will require strong political will, private sector involvement, and a structured funding approach.
Earlier in the event, Mr. Amara Nwankpa, Director of Partnership and Development at the Yar’Adua Foundation, pointed out that while the ETP is ambitious, it currently does not align with the most cost-effective pathway to total electrification. He urged participants to envision a future where renewable energy propels economic growth, job creation, and broader energy access.
The event concluded with a panel discussion on fostering an inclusive and equitable energy transition, along with presentations outlining stakeholder commitments to advance energy transition efforts in Nigeria.
Energy
NNPCL Calls for urgent action on Oil Theft as It threatens Nigeria’s Economy, Security
The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) has raised a red flag on the growing issue of oil theft, calling it a major threat to Nigeria’s economic stability and security.
The Corporation outlined its ongoing challenges including oil theft, emphasizing the urgent need for collective action to tackle this issue, which poses a significant threat to Nigeria’s economy.
Speaking at a stakeholders engagement and capacity building for journalists, Chief Corporate Communications Officer, (CCCO), Nigerian National Petroleum Company, (NNPC) Ltd, Femi Soneye has stressed that oil theft has become a major problem, one that requires the nation’s attention and decisive action.
“If we don’t address the issue of oil theft, Nigeria is in serious trouble,” the officer stated emphatically, drawing attention to the stark reality that oil theft not only threatens national revenue but also undermines security.
Soneye recalled an incident from November last year, where a vessel caught with stolen crude oil was seized, only for the same vessel to be found engaging in similar activities a few months later.
He used the incident to highlight the low prosecution rate less than 2% for those involved in oil theft, despite over 2,500 arrests
On the growing scrutiny, with questions being raised about its decision to engage private security firms to protect national assets he clarified that the decision was necessary due to the scale of the challenge.
“No country in the world relies on non-state actors to protect national assets, but we had no choice,” he explained, noting that at one point, Nigeria’s production levels dropped below 900,000 barrels a day, leading the NNPC to partner with community leaders and private security firms to restore production.
“This collaboration has helped to raise production to approximately 1.6-1.7 million barrels per day, thanks to the combined efforts of the private security companies and the military.” However, he emphasized that more needs to be done to combat the oil theft crisis, as the problem is deeply rooted in organized crime that involves entire communities, including religious institutions and local leaders.
Soneye shared a personal account of an oil-related fire that had raged for months due to the actions of local warlords who blow up pipelines to steal oil, causing significant environmental damage and costing the NNPC millions of dollars to address.
“This issue is not just about oil theft. It is about the very survival of our national economy,”He reiterated.
In addressing questions about the high cost of doing business in Nigeria, the NNPC pointed out that companies charge Nigeria significantly more than other countries due to security risks. “If a company charges $1 million in Saudi Arabia, they will charge $4 million in Nigeria because of the cost of securing personnel and operations,” Soneye said, emphasizing how oil theft, kidnapping, and sabotage inflate operational costs and discourage investment.
The NNPC he said is also committed to greater transparency and accountability, noting its transformation from a corporation to a private company.
He highlighted recent actions aimed at increasing openness, such as disclosing the price of pms purchased from Dangote Industries. Despite facing criticism for this transparency, the NNPC remains committed to ensuring Nigerians have access to the truth.
In conclusion, the NNPC urged the media and the public to play a role in raising awareness about the devastating impact of oil theft on Nigeria’s economy and security.
The corporation reiterated its commitment to addressing the challenge head-on and called for continued collaboration between the government, security agencies, and the private sector. “We need all hands on deck to protect Nigeria’s future,”
Energy
Fuel Scarcity: Obi asks NNPCL to be transparent, come clean on its operations
Former Presidential Candidate, Peter Obi, has called on the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited (NNPCL) to come clean on its operations amidst the lingering fuel scarcity crisis.
Obi, in a statement, lamented the lack of transparency in NNPCL’s dealings, particularly regarding subsidy payments and fuel imports.
He questioned how a company that declared a N3 trillion profit in 2023 could fail to alleviate the fuel scarcity, citing incompetence and mismanagement.
The Labour Party chieftain urged the federal government to take decisive action, ensuring NNPCL’s operations are transparent and accountable to Nigerians.
He emphasized that the current fuel scarcity has inflicted hardship on citizens, and it’s time for those responsible to be held accountable.
Obi’s call for transparency and accountability is a clarion call for good governance and effective management of the nation’s resources.
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