Opinion
State Creation and the Renewed Hope Agenda: Addressing Economic and Governance Challenges
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By Yisa Usman
The recent proposal of the Nigerian House of Representatives Committee on Constitution Review for the creation of 31 additional states across the country’s geopolitical zones has reignited debates on the challenges, feasibility, and implications of state creation.
From the three regions at independence in 1960, the lasting legacy of military rule that will shape Nigeria’s administrative divisions began with the first major restructuring in 1967 when Yakubu Gowon, as military Head of State, replaced the regional structure with 12 states to address ethnic tensions, secessionist movements, and fears of domination. Subsequent administrations further increased the number of states, with the most recent exercise occurring in 1996 under Sani Abacha, bringing the total to 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory.
Following the removal of Yakubu Gowon from office, another state creation took place. In 1976, upon assuming office, Murtala Mohammed established Anambra, Bauchi, Benue, Imo, Niger, Ogun, and Ondo, increasing the total number of states from the original twelve created by Gowon to nineteen.
Under Ibrahim Babangida’s administration in 1987, Akwa Ibom and Katsina were added, followed by the creation of Abia, Enugu, Delta, Jigawa, Kebbi, Osun, Kogi, Taraba, and Yobe in 1991, bringing the total to thirty.
The demand for more states continued, leading to further expansion under Sani Abacha’s administration. On October 1, 1996, six additional states, Ebonyi, Bayelsa, Nasarawa, Gombe, Zamfara, and Ekiti were created, raising the total to 36.
State creation in Nigeria has historically been driven by demands for political representation, resource control, and administrative efficiency.
However, political considerations have often taken precedence, leading to disparities in representation and resource allocation. Since 1967, successive exercises have been strategically structured to maintain the numerical dominance of certain regions, sparking debates on equity and marginalization, particularly from the Southeast and South-South, which generate much of Nigeria’s revenue through oil production. The concentration of economic resources in specific areas further fueled calls for restructuring and a more balanced federal system.
The 1999 Constitution provides stringent requirements for the creation of new states, including submission of proposals supported by at least one-third of members of the Senate, House of Representatives, State Houses of Assembly, and Local Government Councils.
A referendum in the affected areas, supported by a majority of the residents, and approval by two-thirds of the National Assembly are also necessary. Despite these legal provisions, challenges remain due to political resistance, regional power struggles, and the difficulty in achieving consensus across multiple legislative bodies. Attempts at state creation are often marred by legal ambiguities and constitutional bottlenecks, further complicating the process.
The current proposals for new states include Benue Ala, Apa-agba, Apa, Okun, Okura, and Confluence States with FCT State, all from the North-central. Amana, Katagum, Savanna, and Muri states from the North-east. New Kaduna, Gurara, Tiga, Kainji, and Ghari states from the North-west.
Etiti, Adada, Urashi, Orlu, and Aba states from the South-east. Ogoja, Warri, Bori, and Obolo states from the South-south, and Toru-Ebe, Ibadan, Lagoon, Ijebu, Ife-Ijesha, and Oke-Ogun states from the South-west.
The creation of the new states raises concerns about financial sustainability, as many existing states already struggle with self-sufficiency and rely heavily on federal allocations. While some proposed states, like Okun, Confluence, and Kainji, have strong economic potential in agriculture and tourism, others may lack the necessary foundation to support governance and infrastructure.
Establishing new states requires significant investment in administrative structures, public services, and state capitals, which could increase fiscal burdens and deepen reliance on federal resources, potentially straining the national economy. Beyond economic concerns, ethnic and regional considerations often drive the push for state creation, leading to competition over resource allocation, political representation, and boundary demarcations.
This has fueled interethnic rivalries and political disputes, weakening national unity and social cohesion.
Additionally, the agitation for new states is sometimes driven by political elites seeking greater control over resources and administrative power.
Rather than addressing governance inefficiencies, state creation can become a tool for political patronage, reinforcing corruption and administrative dysfunction.
The Renewed Hope Agenda under President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration offers a structured approach to addressing some of the underlying issues fueling demands for state creation. One of the primary concerns that drive agitation for new states is economic disparity.
The Tinubu-led administration’s economic reforms, particularly in resource optimization and fiscal discipline, aim to reduce regional economic inequalities. By enhancing government revenue through tax reforms and the removal of fuel subsidies, the administration creates a more balanced economic environment, potentially addressing some of the financial grievances that lead to demands for new states.
Infrastructural development under the Renewed Hope Agenda is also pivotal.
The administration has prioritized key projects such as the Badagry-Sokoto Highway and the Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway, aimed at improving connectivity between regions. Such developments enhance economic integration and reduce the sense of marginalization among communities that might otherwise push for state creation as a means of gaining access to infrastructural development.
Additionally, the launch of the Nigerian Consumer Credit Corporation by the Tinubu administration to enhance access to credit to employed Nigerians, and the Renewed Hope Agenda’s establishment of the National Credit Guarantee Company are designed to provide financial support to businesses and individuals, particularly in underserved regions.
These initiatives can stimulate local economies and reduce economic disparities, ensuring that development reaches communities without the need for new administrative divisions.
While state creation has historically served political interests, its economic and administrative sustainability remains debatable.
By ensuring fiscal independence of existing states and reducing the over-centralization of national resources, the country can address issues of marginalization and governance inefficiencies more effectively than through further state creation exercises. Rather than focusing on creating new states, Nigeria’s leadership should prioritize economic reforms, infrastructural development, and equitable governance.
Assuming that necessary resources are not a constraint, the creation of additional states in Nigeria can promote balanced development, equitable resource distribution, and improved political representation.
It would bring governance closer to the people, driving local economic growth and infrastructure development. Given Nigeria’s diverse ethnic and cultural landscape, new states could help address historical grievances, ease regional tensions, and ensure fairer access to national resources and political opportunities.
State creation can improve administrative efficiency by decentralizing governance and enhancing service delivery.
In a country where population growth and economic expansion have outpaced existing structures, new states could enable better resource management, promote regional autonomy, and reinforce national unity. However, for this to be effective, state creation must be driven by genuine developmental needs, ensuring that new states are economically viable and sustainable rather than being influenced by political interests.
Yisa Usman is a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria and the Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria. He is a doctoral candidate of Corporate Governance and writes from Abuja. Email: topusman@gmail.com; 08037050981.
Opinion
Dr. Emmanuel N. Musa: Philanthropist Transforming Lives in Adamawa
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By Wilberforce Edward
As Nigeria continues to grapple with various socio-economic challenges, the selfless contributions of individuals like Dr. Emmanuel N Musa serve as a beacon of hope. A renowned philanthropist, Dr. Musa has been making waves with his tireless efforts to empower communities, particularly in Adamawa State.
Dr. Musa’s philanthropic journey is a testament to his commitment to giving back to society. Through his foundation, Emnamu Foundation, he has been providing scholarships, job opportunities, and infrastructure development to communities in need. His impact is felt not only in Hong Local Government Area but also across Adamawa State, the North East region, and beyond.
One of Dr. Musa’s most notable achievements is his unwavering support for education. He has awarded numerous scholarships to deserving students, enabling them to pursue their academic dreams. Additionally, he has provided job opportunities for youth and the aged, helping to reduce unemployment and poverty in the region.
Dr. Musa’s philanthropy extends beyond education and economic empowerment. He has also been instrumental in promoting peace and stability in communities affected by insurgency. His foundation has worked tirelessly to provide relief materials, shelter, and medical care to displaced persons.
Despite his remarkable achievements, Dr. Musa remains humble and dedicated to his philanthropic work. His commitment to giving back to society is genuine and not driven by political ambitions. As he continues to make a positive impact on the lives of many, Dr. Musa’s legacy as a renowned philanthropist is cemented.
As the 2027 governorship election in Adamawa State approaches, there are whispers that Dr. Musa may be considering a run for office. While this remains speculative, one thing is certain – Dr. Musa’s dedication to public service and philanthropy has earned him a reputation as a leader who truly cares about the welfare of his people.
As we celebrate Dr. Emmanuel N Musa’s remarkable philanthropic efforts, we are reminded that there are still good people in the world who are committed to making a positive difference. His selfless contributions serve as an inspiration to us all, and we can only hope that his legacy will continue to inspire future generations.
Wilberforce Edward is a public affairs commentator. He writes from Abuja-FCT.
Opinion
All roads lead to Wukari as David Sabo Kente walks Tall @ 60
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By Ben Adaji
On the 3rd of March 2025, Chief (Dr.) David Sabo Kente will be celebrating his 60th Birthday, otherwise referred to as Diamond Jubilee in Wukari, his country home and native Local Government in Taraba State.
Turning 60 is indeed a significant milestone, a time to celebrate the wisdom, experience, and achievements of a lifetime. It’s a momentous occasion that deserves a big celebration to be marked with heartfelt words and warm wishes.
Whether from family members, friends, colleagues as well as political and business associates, or from captains of industry, Chief Kente is worth the time.
Chief (Dr.) David Sabo Kente, popularly known as DSK, ( born 3rd March 1965) is a Nigerian businessman, politician and philanthropist who is the founder and CEO of “DSK Group International Ltd” and an NGO “DSK Foundation”.
No doubt Kente, an accomplished businessman and renowned politician will be celebrated for his integrity, brilliance, expertise, charisma and outstanding commitment to philanthropic gesture and kindness to humanity.
Indeed, Chief (Dr.) David Sabo Kente is a rare gem. An averagely tall, light, always sounding ebullient, happy and captivating businessman, he is also an APC Chieftain that is endowed with exceptional leadership traits and resilient for positive transformation.
It is indeed a statement of fact that Kente is an unrepentant apostle of revolutionary change in the nation’s political circle.
As a respected leader, Kente has made significant impact through his DSK Foundation, which has provided scholarships to hundreds of students, donations to orphanages, and supported the less privileged in society.
His philanthropic work has earned him several awards, including the “Ambassador of Peace and Societal Development” and “Icon of Humanitarian Services” by the Taraba State Students Union
Recently, he was conferred with honourary doctorate degree by the Kwararafa University Wukari during the university’s second and combined convocation ceremony at the main campus in Wukari, Taraba state. It was a momentous occasion that celebrated the achievements of Kente and his immense contributions to the society.
He was the candidate of SDP in the 2015 Taraba State Gubernatorial election before he joined the All Progressives Congress in 2016. DSK aspired for the number one seat of Taraba State under APC in 2023. He once served as the National Assembly’s Director of Finance and a former member of the North-east Development Commission (NEDC) where he was the chairman Board of Trustees of the its Education Endowment Fund.
Chief (Dr.) David Sabo Kente, a philanthropist and politician pa excellence and his amiable Wife, Esther are expected to host over five thousand well-wishers, made up of family members, friends, colleagues, business and political associates from all over the country and beyond at Wukari.
The five routes of Ibi, Takum, Zaki-Biam, Kente and Jalingo, leading to Wukari town would be receiving unprecedented visitors from 1st, 2nd and 3rd March for the three days event.
Hon. Shuaibu Ataka, Chairman of the Central planning committee said all arrangements have been completed for the three days event.
On his attainment of Diamond age, the legendary businessman and political Icon can only count his blessings and give praise and glory to God, the Exalted, for His kindness. He has shown him mercy for equipping him with the intellect to fulfill his dreams and for endowing him with the strength and desire to serve humanity, the best he can.
Chief (Dr.) David Sabo Kente is happily married to Esther and the union is blessed with Six Children.
HAPPY BIRTHDAY CHIEF
Opinion
Edo guber dispute: APC breaks defence jinx, calls witnesses, PDP presses cancelled, ‘single vote’ over-voting
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By Ehichioya Ezomon
The main proceedings of the Election Petitions Tribunal (EPT) – hearing the challenge to the election of Senator Monday Okpebholo as Governor of Edo State on September 21, 2024 – came to an end on Thursday, February 13, 2025, when the All Progressives Congress (APC), as the 3rd Respondent, closed its defence after calling four of pledged 28 witnesses in its two-day outing at the tribunal in Abuja, Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory (FCT).
However, the APC closure of its defence – coming in similar abrupt manner by the Petitioners (Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and its candidate, Dr Asue Ighodalo) on February 3; the 1st Respondent (Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)) on February 6; and the 2nd Respondent (Okpebholo) on February 10 – sparked instant recrimination between the Edo State chapters of the APC and PDP over alleged “witness sabotage” engineered within and/or outside the APC fold.
While such fiercely-partisan bickerings are a routine between the ruling and main opposition parties in Edo State; several issues croped up on February 12, and February 13 when the APC opened and closed its defence at the tribunal.
One, the APC broke the near “no-show” jinx in the Respondents’ camp by calling four witnesses to testify for it. Two, the witnesses were Local Government Agents or Local Government Collation Agents for the APC. • Three, the witnesses admitted there’re over-voting in some polling units, many of which, they noted, were cancelled by INEC’s officials on poll day.
Four, yet, PDP/Ighodalo have queried the same cancelled over-voting results in their petition
Five, most of the PDP/Ighodalo contested polling units recorded a single over-vote. How? • Six, by calling witnesses to testify for it, the APC may’ve brought both a sigh of relief and a cold comfort to the party members and supporters in Edo State, and the country at large.
Certainly, the APC’s defence brought a “sigh of relief” in that, for its members and supporters – many of them (like in the general public) ignorant of the intricacies of prosecuting election petitions – it’d been long nights in 16 days, since the hearing proper began on January 21 at the tribunal.
The party members and supporters have had to endure emotional torture, as they watched “edited clips” or read on social media how counsel and witnesses for PDP/Ighodalo took the INEC, Okpebholo and APC through the legal grinding mill at the proceedings, first in Benin City, Edo State capital city, and then in Abuja.
The APC’s also given members and supporters “cold comfort” because, besides having no illusions about the PDP/Ighodalo petition against the election of Okpebholo as Governor, they’re not as optimistic about the tribunal outcome as the Acting Chairman of the Edo APC, Emperor Jarrett Tenebe.
Reacting to the Plaintiffs closing their petition on February 3, after calling 19 of the hundreds of witnesses earmarked to testify for them, Tenebe told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) that PDP/Ighodalo “abandoned their case abruptly because they have no case ab initio,” boasting that when the Respondents opened their case, “the whole country and the people of Edo in particular would know that the APC won the election.”
Tenebe appeared hasty to criticise PDP/Ighodalo, as the INEC, through Kanu Agabi (SAN), on January 6, closed its defence without calling any witness, thus giving PDP an opening to offer “expert opinion” to the 1st Respondent, noting, “This abrupt end to INEC’s defence leaves the electoral body relying solely on cross-examinations and arguments from APC and Okpebholo’s lawyers.”
This was as Adetunji Oyeyipo (SAN), for the Plaintiffs, told the tribunal, after Agabi’s request, that, “Frankly speaking, we are not surprised and it is well within the right of the 1st Respondent (INEC) to show such good discretion. We are not objecting.”
At the resumed proceeding on February 6, Agabi told the tribunal that his team had shelved the idea of bringing witnesses after it reviewed the case, adding, “My Lords, after we left you yesterday (Wednesday), we gave more thought to the matter and came to the conclusion that the sensible thing to do is to close the case of the 1st Respondent, which we hereby do.”
The chairman of the three-man tribunal, Justice Wilfred Kpochi (with Justices A.B. Yusuf and A.A. Adewole) in the petition marked, EPT/ED/GOV/02/2024, then ruled: “The request (by INEC via Agabi) is granted and the first Respondent’s case is hereby closed,” and adjourned to February 10, for Okpebholo to open his defence, which he did by calling one witness, and closing his case.
Among a plethora of alleged electoral infractions, the three-man tribunal of Justices Wilfred Kpochi (Chairman), A.B. Yusuf and A.A. Adewole, in the petition marked, EPT/ED/GOV/02/2024, is looking mainly into irregularities of over-voting, non-serialisation of electoral materials, incorrect computation of the total number of votes cast in many polling units, which reportedly exceeded accredited voter-count recorded by the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) that the INEC deployed for the ballot.
The Plaintiffs’ witnesses (19 of them) and counsel had honed in on those alleged poll indiscretions, to prove that the 291,667 votes (about 51.1%) credited to Okpebholo (APC, Edo Central) as winner of the election, and 247,274 votes (about 43.3%) scored for Ighodalo, a Lagos-based Lawyer and business tycoon, were “manufactured” by the INEC, APC and Police to favour Okpebholo.
In their testimonies, the witnesses attempted to demonstrate alleged suppression, inflation and alteration of votes to the detriment of Ighodalo, pointing out votes that should’ve been counted or cancelled, and claiming that INEC’s rigging of the process amounts to a serious breach of the Electoral Act 2022 (as amended).
With the reported “brilliant performances” by PDP/Ighodalo’s witnesses and legal teams bolstering the Plaintiffs’ claims of massive fraud at the poll they said Ighodalo won, and should be declared as Governor of Edo State; the APC members and supporters were hopeful that the Respondents would match the Plaintiffs’ submissions.
But when it’s turn to open defence on Thursday, February 6, the INEC (Ist Respondent) closed the case without calling any of the five witnesses it’d insisted the previous day (February 5) would testify for it.
Blindsided by INEC’s counsel, Agabi’s closure of the case, counsel to Okpebholo (2nd Respondent), Onyechi Ikpeazu (SAN), prayed for adjournment to Monday, February 10, to enable him “move the five witnesses” to be called from Benin City to Abuja, with Justice Kpochi acceding and adjourning sitting to February 10.
But when the hearing resumed, Okpebholo called only one witness, Majek Osumah, an APC polling agent from Ward 7, Unit 4, Ovia Southwest Local Government, who testified that the election was conducted peacefully, but that the result was cancelled due to over-voting, and that in Form EC8B, the column for the result of his Unit 4 had no record.
Against the foregoing, the APC members’ and supporters’ worries and anxieties increased, as the 3rd Respondent opened its defence on Wednesday, February 12, which, to its (APC’) credit, broke the “defence jinx,” and called four witnesses.
They witnesses include: Afuda Theophilus Idemudia, 54, a businessman resident in Benin City, who monitored the poll in Esan North East Local Government Area; Kamarudeen Coker Bello, 54 years, a businessman, lives in Igarra, and served as a Local Government agent of the APC in Akoko-Edo LGA; Engr. Gabriel Iduseri, APC’s Collation Agent for Oredo LGA; and Hon. Frank David, APC’s Collation Agent for Owan West LGA, all of whose testimonies, reported by The Nation on February 12, are run below with some abridgements:
“Led in evidence by Echezona Etiaba (SAN), the first witness, Afuda Theophilus Idemudia, told the tribunal that the result of the poll from the Esan North East LGA was signed by the agent of the PDP.
“He confirmed that under Exhibit PCB-40, titled: Ballot Paper and Verification Statement, the Part A of the document was expected to be completed by an official of INEC before the opening of poll, while Part B was to be completed after the close of election.
“When handed a copy of the documents to confirm, the witness, said: ‘Yes, I can see serial numbers recorded on this document. They are: 0459785 and 0460292,’ maintaining that serial numbers of Ballot Papers issued to the respective polling units were filled.
“Under cross-examination by a lawyer to the petitioners, Abiodun Owonikoko (SAN), the witness confirmed that the number of accredited voters in Unit 11, Ward 6, was 96, and upon Owonikoko’s request, the witness calculated the votes to be 97, with APC getting 53 votes, PDP 43 votes, and one rejected vote.
“The second witness, Kamarudeen Coker Bello, who admitted his signed statement on November 9, 2024, and adopted it while being led by Etiaba, confirmed, nder cross-examination by Owonikoko, that the petitioners raised allegations of over-voting in 17 polling units in Akoko-Edo LGA.
“The third witness, Engr. Gabriel Iduseri, claimed that there was no complaint about the conduct of the election by agents of the parties that participated in the contest in Oredo LGA, even as he he admitted that the result from polling unit 8, Ward 10, was cancelled at the Ward Collation Centre due to over-voting; and that it’s the responsibility of electoral officers to confirm the correctness or otherwise of results submitted at the LGA level.
“Asked if he was aware there was a table of 53 and 66 polling units in Oredo LGA, where petitioners alleged that INEC recorded the results incorrectly, the witness said though he read the petition, he could not recall the number of the disputed polling units.
“The fourth witness, Hon. Frank David, said that INEC officials diligently collated all results from the polling units in Owan West LGA, and none of agents queried the final result, adding that he, the PDP and Labour Party (LP) agents signed the result sheets of the election.
“Cross-examined, David said he was aware that INEC officials ought to fill details of sensitive materials handed to them for the poll, but he could not confirm if the procedure was followed since he did not serve as an official of INEC during the election.
“Handed the IReV report of Form EC8A of Ward 4 Unit 19, the witness confirmed that although only 36 persons were accredited, votes recorded for the unit were: 28, 1 and 8, amounting to 37, indicating one over-vote.
“While he confirmed that the exhibit containing the votes from Ward 8, Unit 8, were: 54 and 25, totaling 79, with 1 marked as rejected vote, making it a total of 80 votes; the witness claimed the results from Unit 5 were cancelled owing to over-voting.”
Thereafter, lead counsel to the APC, Emmanuel Ukala (SAN), announced that his client was preparing a schedule of documents to tender when the proceedings resume, and the tribunal adjourned till February 13, when the APC closed its defence without calling any of the pledged 24 additional witnesses.
Explaining the decision to close the defence, counsel to APC expressed confidence in the unimpeachable legal defence mounted for the poll victory of Governor Okpebholo. So, Ferdinard Orbih (SAN) addressed the tribunal, as reported by award-winning journalist from Edo State, Mr Sebastine Ebhuomhan, as follows:
“Yesterday (Wednesday, February 13), we promised that we will exchange our schedule of documents today in order to make for a seamless presentation of our witness testimony. My Lord, I am sorry to say the documents we were expecting did not arrive.
“However, we have done a further comprehensive review of the evidence led by the petitioners, the evidence received from the petitioners under cross-examination, the evidence led so far by the respondents in this tribunal, the documentary evidence before this tribunal…
“My Lord, we have also considered that time is of (the) essence. The judicial time of this honourable tribunal is precious. My Lord, taking all the enumerated factors into serious consideration, we are happy at this stage to close the 3rd respondent’s case as it pleases Your Lordship.”
Responding to the application to close their case, Adetunji Oyeyipo (SAN) for the Plaintiffs, highlighted, with a jab, the surprising “abandonment” of the 3rd Respondent’s scheduled 28 witnesses after calling just four of the witnesses.
“My learned counsel has just addressed the court. I’m actually not quite sure about the state of those documents. I can only say ‘he who fights and runs away, lives to fight another day.’ So, we have no objection,” Oyeyipo said.
Even with no objection from the other Respondents (INEC and Okpebholo), Orbih replied Oyeyipo’s poking, thus: “My Lord, I’m still on the point of fact. When they (Plaintiffs) scheduled 99 witnesses and presented only 19, we didn’t accuse them of running away. They have no business with how we conduct our case. We remain here. We are not running away.”
Despite pleadings by the Respondents and Plaintiffs for more days to prepare their written addresses, Justice Kpochi stood his ground and closed the defence of the 3rd Respondent (APC), and acceded to seven days for the Respondents, five days for the Petitioners and extra three days to file their final written addresses, which counting began on Friday, February 14, and adjourned the tribunal to Monday, March 3, for the adoption of the written addresses.
Going forward, the battle of wits between PDP/Ighodalo (Petitioners) and APC/Okpebholo (Respondents) for the Governorship, and political soul of Edo State continues in the next 13 days till the March 3!
Mr Ezomon, Journalist and Media Consultant, writes from Lagos, Nigeria. Can be reached on X, Threads, Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp @EhichioyaEzomon. Tel: 08033078357
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